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Alain Chartier
Alain Chartier , b. c.1385, d. c.1433, French writer, secretary to Charles VII. His most popular work was the love poem La Belle Dame sans mercy (1424), which provided Keats with a title. Le Quadrilogue invectif (1422), a political pamphlet in vigorous prose, called for French solidarity to comb...
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Alain de Lille
Alain de Lille , c.1128-c.1202, French scholastic philosopher, a Cistercian, honored by his contemporaries as the Universal Doctor. He was born in Lille; he taught at Paris and Montpellier before retiring to Cîteaux. Alain attempted to give rational support to the tenets of Christian faith in ...
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Alain René Le Sage
Alain René Le Sage , 1668-1747, French novelist and dramatist. His masterpiece, Gil Blas de Santillane (1715-35, tr. by Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Gil Blas of Santillane, 1749), is a rambling story in the style of Spanish picaresque romances, though unlike them in conception. It i...
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Alain Robbe-Grillet
Alain Robbe-Grillet , 1922-2008, French novelist and filmmaker, b. Brest. Robbe-Grillet is considered the originator of the French nouveau roman [new novel], in which conventional story is subordinated to structure and the significance of objects is stressed above that of human motivation or actio...
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Alain Juppé
Alain Juppé , 1945-, French politician, b. Les Landes. A member of the Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR), he entered the Inspection des Finances in 1972. A protegé of Jacques Chirac , he was in charge of the Paris city budget during Chirac's mayoralty and later followed his mentor...
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Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance term used to describe a flowering of African-American literature and art in the 1920s, mainly in the Harlem district of New York City. During the mass migration of African Americans from the rural agricultural South to the urban industrial North (1914-18), many who came to New ...
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Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Duras , 1914-96, French author, b. Gia Dinh, Indochina (now Vietnam). Usually grouped with the exponents of the nouveau roman [new novel] (see French literature ), Duras abandoned many of the conventions of the novel form. Her novels usually mix themes of eroticism and death, often tre...
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Formula One
Formula One (F1), type of racecar used in Grand Prix automobile racing . Capable of speeds exceeding 230 mph (370 kph), the technologically sophisticated F1 cars are low-slung, open-wheeled, single-seat vehicles with powerful mid-engines, air foils, electronic aids, special suspensions, and large ...
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French literature
French literature writings in medieval French dialects and standard modern French. Writings in Provençal and Breton are considered separately, as are works in French produced abroad (as at Canadian literature, French ).
Medieval Literature
Until the 12th cent. AD most forms of wri...
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programming language
programming language syntax, grammar, and symbols or words used to give instructions to a computer .
Development of Low-Level Languages
All computers operate by following machine language programs, a long sequence of instructions called machine code that is addressed to the hardware of t...
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