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Walter Gropius
Walter Gropius , 1883-1969, German-American architect, one of the leaders of modern functional architecture. In Germany his Fagus factory buildings (1910-11) at Alfeld, with their glass walls, metal spandrels, and discerning use of purely industrial features, were among the most advanced works in Eu...
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Jacobean style
Jacobean style , an early phase of English Renaissance architecture and decoration. It formed a transition between the Elizabethan and the pure Renaissance style later introduced by Inigo Jones . The reign of James I (1603-25), a disciple of the new scholarship, saw the first decisive adoption of R...
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Rudolf Wittkower
Rudolf Wittkower , 1901-71, German-American art historian. After gaining his doctorate in Berlin, Wittkower became a research assistant and later research fellow at the Biblioteca Hertiziana, Rome (1923-33). He was (1934-56) on the staff of the Warburg Institute, London, and became professor at the ...
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Palenque
Palenque , ancient city of the Maya in Chiapas, S Mexico, in the Usumacinta Valley. Its architectural elegance, adapted to tropical and topographical conditions, was a high point in the art of the Classic period. Stucco sculpturing and low-relief paneling reached their highest expression at Palenq...
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Owings and Merrill Skidmore
Owings and Merrill Skidmore American architectural firm founded in 1936 in New York City by Louis Skidmore (1897-1962), Nathaniel A. Owings (1903-84), and John O. Merrill (1896-1975). The firm helped to popularize the International style during the postwar period. Their best-known early work is L...
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Chinese architecture
Chinese architecture the buildings and other structures created in China from prehistoric times to the present day.
Early Architecture
As a result of wars and invasions, there are few existing buildings in China predating the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Insubstantial construction, largely o...
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Henry-Russell Hitchcock
Henry-Russell Hitchcock 1903-87, American architectural historian, b. Boston. Educated at Harvard, Hitchcock taught at Smith College and New York Univ. His writings, which helped to define modern architecture stylistically during the course of its development, are among the foremost in the field. H...
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Gordon Bunshaft
Gordon Bunshaft 1909-90, American architect, b. Buffalo, N.Y. As chief designer for the architectural firm of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill , Bunshaft was responsible for Lever House, New York City's first glass curtain-wall skyscraper (1952), which has been widely imitated. Among his other works a...
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Anthony Frederick Blunt
Anthony Frederick Blunt 1907-83, English art historian and Soviet spy, grad. Cambridge. Director of the Courtauld Institute of Art after 1947 and professor of the history of art at the Univ. of London, Blunt also served from 1952 as Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures and was one of the most powerful ...
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Russell Sturgis
Russell Sturgis stûr´jĬs , 1836-1909, American architect and writer, b. Baltimore co., Md., grad. College of the City of New York, 1856. He practiced architecture until 1880; the buildings he designed include the Flower Hospital in New York City and a chapel and several dormitories...
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