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Franz Gruber
Franz Gruber , 1787-1863, Austrian organist. On Christmas Eve in 1818 he composed his one published work, the music for the poem Silent Night by the local curate, Josef Mohr.
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Frederikshavn
Frederikshavn , city (1992 pop. 24,930), Nordjylland co., N Denmark, a port on the Kattegat; chartered 1818. It is a commercial and industrial center, with ferry services, shipyards, engineering works, and a food processing industry.
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Aloys Senefelder
Aloys Senefelder , 1771-1834, German lithographer, b. Prague. Senefelder invented lithography in Munich c.1796. In 1818 he published a full account of the nature and the history of his invention. The English translation, A Complete Course of Lithography, appeared in 1819.
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Morris Birkbeck
Morris Birkbeck 1764-1825, English pioneer in the United States. One of the most advanced agriculturists in England, he had a huge farm in Surrey. In 1817 he emigrated to the United States. He and another English traveler, George Flower, sought to create a settlement in Illinois. The two quarreled,...
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Illinois
Illinois State in n central USA, on the e bank of the Mississippi River; the capital is Springfield. Illinois was explored first by the French in 1673. Ceded to the British in 1763, it was occupied by American troops during the American Revolution. Illinois became a state of the Union in 1818. The ...
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William Backhouse Astor
William Backhouse Astor 1792-1875, American financier, b. New York City; son of John Jacob Astor (1763-1848). Educated in Germany, he was associated with his father in business after 1818. Later called the landlord of New York, he also inherited money from his uncle Henry Astor and left an immens...
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Hosea Ballou
Hosea Ballou 1771-1852, American clergyman, foremost among expositors of Universalism in the United States, b. Cheshire co., N.H. From 1818 until his death he was pastor of the Second Universalist Society in Boston. One of the founders (1819) of the Universalist Magazine, he was its editor until ...
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Beaufort West
Beaufort West , town (1991 pop. 31,726), Western Cape, S South Africa, in the Great Karroo . The town has some light industry and is the trade and distribution center for nearby farms where sheep, grain, and fruit are raised. It is also a resort. Beaufort West was founded in 1818 and in 1837 became...
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Bellefontaine
Bellefontaine , city (1990 pop. 12,142), seat of Logan co., W central Ohio; settled 1818, inc. 1835. It is a trade and rail center for a farm area. Manufactures include electrical equipment, small motors, and tools. East of the city is Campbell Hill, the highest point in Ohio (1,550 ft/472 km).
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Concert of Europe
Concert of Europe term used in the 19th cent. to designate a loose agreement by the major European powers to act together on European questions of common interest. The concert emerged after the Congress of Vienna (1814-15) and included the Quadruple Alliance powers of Great Britain, Austria, Prus...
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