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John Dowland
John Dowland , 1563-1626, English composer, unsurpassed in his day as a lutenist. His books of Songs or Ayres (1597-1603) established him as the foremost song composer of his time.
Bibliography: See studies by D. Poulton (1972) and I. Spink (1974).
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Frederick III
Frederick III (Frederick the Pious), 1515-76, elector palatine (1559-76). The first German prince to accept Calvinism, he ordered the Heidelberg Catechism (1563) drawn up (see under Heidelberg ). He aided the Calvinists in the Netherlands and in France.
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Cartago
Cartago , city (1995 est. pop. 31,413), central Costa Rica, capital of Cartago prov. The raising of livestock and the production of coffee are its main industries. Cartago was founded in 1563. It was the political center of Costa Rica until shortly after independence was won from Spain in 1821 and r...
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Thomas Churchyard
Thomas Churchyard 1520?-1604, English author. In his youth he was page to Henry Howard, earl of Surrey. He spent most of his life as a professional soldier, serving in Scotland, Flanders, and France. His best-known work, the poem Shore's Wife, was contributed to the 1563 edition of the Mirror fo...
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Barnabe Googe
Barnabe Googe , 1540-94, English poet and translator. In 1574 he was sent to Ireland as the representative of Sir William Cecil, Queen Elizabeth I's secretary of state. From 1582 to 1585 he was provost marshal of the presidency court at Connacht. Googe's Ecologues, Epitaphs, and Sonnets (1563) con...
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Saint Peter Port
Saint Peter Port town (1991 pop. 16,100), capital of Guernsey, Channel Islands. Its shallow harbor is protected by piers; vegetables, fruits, and flowers are exported. Hauteville House, the residence of Victor Hugo from 1856 to 1870, contains memorials of the author. The 13th-century Castle Corne...
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Giuseppe Arcimboldo
Giuseppe Arcimboldo , 1527-93, Italian painter. The son of an artist, he began as a traditional portrait painter. Later, as court painter to Hapsburg kings Maximilian II and Rudolf II, Arcimboldo became celebrated for his grotesque, realistically rendered, symbolic portraits constructed from fruits,...
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John Bale
John Bale 1495-1563, English dramatist and clergyman. An ardent proponent of the Reformation, he used the stage as a vehicle for his views. His most famous play, King John (written c.1535), shows the transition from the medieval morality play to the Renaissance historical drama by allegorical tre...
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John Day
John Day 1522-84, English printer. At his London shop Day designed and made type for himself, but not for sale. His types included musical notes and the first Anglo-Saxon type. He printed the first English book of church music (1560) and the first English edition of John Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1...
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Pieter de Kempener
Pieter de Kempener , c.1503-1580, Flemish painter, b. Brussels. He studied and painted for 10 years in Italy and about 1537 settled in Seville, Spain, where he was known as Pedro Campaña. For churches in Seville he painted religious pictures remarkable for the strong chiaroscuro and naturalis...
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