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Jacopo della Quercia
Jacopo della Quercia , c.1374-1438, Italian sculptor. His work shows the transition from medieval to Renaissance art. He is especially noted for his imposing allegorical figures for the Gaia Fountain in Siena. About 1425 he began to decorate the main portal of San Petronio, Bologna, with scenes from...
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Melozzo da Forlì
Melozzo da Forlì , 1438-94, Umbrian painter. His extant works, though few, reveal him as a painter of power and individuality. He is especially notable for his bold foreshortening, in the use of which, particularly in vaultings, he was a pioneer. His known works include the great fresco of th...
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Jacques Paul Migne
Jacques Paul Migne , 1800-1875, French publisher of theological works, a Roman Catholic priest (ordained 1824). He set up a printing press in Paris and printed many religious and theological works. His principal publication was called Patrologia, an ambitious project the aim of which was to publis...
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Habsburg
Habsburg (Hapsburg) Austrian royal dynasty, a leading ruling house in Europe from the 13th to 19th century. It became a major force when Rudolf I was elected king of the Germans (1273). He established the core of the Habsburg dominions in Austria. The Habsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1438...
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Margery Kempe
Margery Kempe , d. 1438 or afterward, English religious writer, b. King's Lynn. She was the wife of a prominent citizen and the mother of 14 children. Her autobiography, The Book of Margery Kempe (complete ed. 1940; ed. with modern spelling 1944), was known only in small excerpts until 1934, when ...
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Council of Ferrara-Florence
Council of Ferrara-Florence 1438-45, second part of the 17th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church; the first part was the Council of Basel, canonically convened but after 1437 schismatic (see Basel, Council of ). The chief goal at Ferrara was to end the schism of East and West; it was v...
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Alfonso V
Alfonso V 1432-81, king of Portugal (1438-81), son of Duarte and Queen Leonor. During his minority there was a struggle for the regency between the queen mother and Alfonso's uncle, Dom Pedro, duke of Coimbra. The duke was triumphant (1440) and retained power after Alfonso was declared of age (1446...
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Charles VII
Charles VII (Charles the Well Served), 1403-61, king of France (1422-61), son and successor of Charles VI. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years War . Although excluded from the throne by the Treaty of Troyes , Charles took the royal title after his father's death (1422) and ruled S of the L...
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electors
electors in the history of the Holy Roman Empire , the princes who had the right to elect the German kings or, more exactly, the kings of the Romans (Holy Roman emperors). Until the reign (1493-1519) of Maximilian I , however, an elected king was traditionally crowned by the pope before he was ca...
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Gallicanism
Gallicanism , in French Roman Catholicism, tradition of resistance to papal authority. It was in opposition to ultramontanism , the view that accorded the papacy complete authority over the universal church. Two aspects of Gallicanism are sometimes distinguished: royal Gallicanism, which defended t...
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