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Archibald Douglas, 5th earl of Douglas
Archibald Douglas, 5th earl of Douglas 1391?-1439, Scottish nobleman; son of Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas. He fought in France for the French against the English in 1421 and persuaded his father in 1423 to go to France. Although Douglas was one of the Scottish nobles who accompanied Jame...
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William Douglas, 6th earl of Douglas
William Douglas, 6th earl of Douglas 1423?-1440, Scottish nobleman, eldest son of Archibald Douglas, 5th earl of Douglas. In answer to an invitation from the young James II, who was at that time controlled by Sir William Crichton and Sir Alexander Livingstone, Douglas and his brother visited the ro...
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Łódź
Łódź , city (1993 est. pop. 842,300), capital of Łódzkie prov., central Poland. The second largest city of Poland and an important industrial center, Łódź has long been the center of the Polish textile industry, but the industry has declined since the en...
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Alfonso V
Alfonso V (Alfonso the Magnanimous), 1396-1458, king of Aragón and Sicily (1416-58) and of Naples (1443-58), count of Barcelona. He was the son of Ferdinand I, whom he succeeded in Aragón and Sicily. Queen Joanna II of Naples sought his aid against Louis III , rival king of Naples,...
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Robert Campin
Robert Campin , 1378-1444, Flemish painter who with the van Eycks ranks as a founder of the Netherlandish school. This artist has been identified as the Master of Flémalle on the basis of three panels in Frankfurt-am-Main said to have come from the abbey of Flémalle near Liège. ...
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Andrea del Castagno
Andrea del Castagno , c.1423-1457, major Florentine painter of the early Renaissance. His first recorded painting (1440; now destroyed), effigies of hanged men, enemies to the Florentine regime, brought him fame in spite of its disconcerting subject. Two years later he was in Venice, frescoing the c...
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Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas
Archibald Douglas, 4th earl of Douglas 1369-1424, Scottish nobleman, called Tyneman [loser]; 2d son of Archibald Douglas, 3d earl of Douglas. In 1390 he married Margaret Stuart, daughter of Robert III. He held Edinburgh against the English when Henry IV invaded in 1400. In 1402 Douglas was tried an...
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Sir John Fastolf
Sir John Fastolf , 1378?-1459, English soldier. He won distinction for his long service in the latter part of the Hundred Years War. He was knighted some time prior to 1418 for service at Agincourt (1415) and in other engagements, acted as governor of Anjou and Maine (1423-26), and was made (1426) a...
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Pedro de Luna
Pedro de Luna , 1328?-1423?, Aragonese churchman, antipope (1394-1417) with the name Benedict XIII. He was a doctor of canon law and as cardinal (1375) became an outstanding member of the Curia Romana. He supported the election of Urban VI , but later switched his allegiance to Robert of Geneva , ...
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triggerfish
triggerfish any of several species of tropical reef fishes with laterally compressed bodies, heavy scales, and tough skins. They are named for the mechanism of the three spines of the dorsal fin: when the fish is alarmed the first of these spines is locked upright by the second and drops only when ...
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