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Sir John Oldcastle
Sir John Oldcastle 1378?-1417, English leader of Lollardry . He married the heiress of Lord Cobham in 1408 and was known as "the good Lord Cobham." Under the rule of Henry IV he performed valuable military service, especially in Wales, where he became a friend of the prince of Wales (later Hen...
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Gregory XII
Gregory XII c.1327-1417, pope (1406-15), a Venetian named Angelo Correr; successor of Innocent VII. As a condition of election, Gregory promised to do everything possible to end the Great Schism , including the relinquishing of his office. Negotiations were opened with the Avignon antipope, Benedi...
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John Capgrave
John Capgrave 1393-1464, English author and Augustinian friar. One of the most learned men of his day, he was a distinguished theologian, philosopher, and historian. His writings, many of which have been lost, include a chronicle of England up to 1417 and the Latin works De illustribus Henricis [...
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Kumbum
Kumbum , large lamasery at Huangchang, NE Qinghai prov., China, c.12 mi (20 km) SW of Xining. Long a renowned pilgrimage center, it stands on the spot where Tsong-kha-pa (b.1417), the great Tibetan reformer of Lamaism (see Tibetan Buddhism ), is said to have been born. Its Living Buddha became (195...
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Paul II
Paul II 1417-71, pope (1464-71), a Venetian named Pietro Barbo; successor of Pius II. He was a nephew of Eugene IV. A Renaissance pope, he patronized printing, beautified and improved Rome, and collected antiquities. Paul, like Pius II, was involved in struggles with the Bohemian George of Podebrad...
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Pedro de Luna
Pedro de Luna , 1328?-1423?, Aragonese churchman, antipope (1394-1417) with the name Benedict XIII. He was a doctor of canon law and as cardinal (1375) became an outstanding member of the Curia Romana. He supported the election of Urban VI , but later switched his allegiance to Robert of Geneva , ...
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Martin V
Martin V 1368-1431, pope (1417-31), a Roman named Oddone Colonna; successor of Gregory XII. He was created cardinal by Innocent VII, and in the schism (see Schism, Great ) he attended and supported the decisions of the Council of Pisa (see Pisa, Council of ). His election (Nov. 11, 1417) by the c...
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Bukhara
Bukhara , city (1991 pop. 231,000), capital of Bukhara region, Uzbekistan, in the Zeravshan River valley. On the Shkhrud irrigation canal system, it is the center of a large cotton district and has textile mills as well as cotton-ginning industries and a large karakul skin processing plant. The popu...
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Great Schism
Great Schism or Schism of the West, division in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. There was no question of faith or practice involved; the schism was a matter of persons and politics. Shortly after Gregory XI had returned the papacy from Avignon to Rome, he died (Mar. 27, 1378). ...
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Council of Constance
Council of Constance 1414-18, council of the Roman Catholic Church, some of its sessions being reckoned as the 16th ecumenical council. It was summoned to end the Great Schism (see Schism, Great ), in which three men were claiming to be pope— Gregory XII (since recognized as canonical pope)...
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