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Denizli
Denizli , city (1990 pop. 203,130), capital of Denizli prov., W Turkey. Picturesquely situated, it is an agricultural market center and the gateway for excursions by tourists to the nearby ruins of Laodicea at Lycum and Hierapolis . The city was captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1389. It was badly...
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Murad I
Murad I , 1326?-1389, Ottoman sultan (1362?-1389), son and successor of Orkhan to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). Murad widened the Ottoman hold on European territory, conquering Macedonia and making Adrianople his residence. He granted Muslims sections of conquered lands as fiefs (see f...
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Muhammad I
Muhammad I or Mehmet I (Muhammad the Restorer), 1389?-1421, Ottoman sultan (1413-21), son of Beyazid I. By defeating his brothers he reunited most of his father's empire. He consolidated his authority and thus renewed Ottoman power. His son, Murad II, succeeded him.
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Alexander Stuart, earl of Buchan
Alexander Stuart, earl of Buchan , 1343?-1405?, Scottish nobleman; fourth son of Robert II. He held various offices under the crown and was made lord of Badenoch in 1371 and earl of Buchan in 1382. In 1389 he was censured by the church for repudiating his wife. In his rage against the bishops he bur...
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Landshut
Landshut , city (1994 pop. 59,640), Bavaria, SE Germany, on the Isar River. Once the capital of Lower Bavaria, it is now a transportation and industrial center. Manufactures include textiles, furniture, beer, chocolate, tobacco, and chemicals. A large influx of more than 12,000 refugees after World ...
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Thomas de Beauchamp Warwick, earl of
Thomas de Beauchamp Warwick, earl of d. 1401, English nobleman, of an ancient and powerful family. He was one of the governors of the young Richard II . After Richard assumed power, Warwick joined the barons who opposed the acts of Richard's favorite courtiers and was one of the lords appellant (1...
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John of Lancaster Bedford, duke of
John of Lancaster Bedford, duke of 1389-1435, English nobleman; third son of Henry IV of England and brother of Henry V. At the death (1422) of his brother and succession of his 9-month-old nephew, Henry VI, Bedford was designated as regent of France and protector of England. While he was in France...
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Thomas of Woodstock Gloucester, duke of
Thomas of Woodstock Gloucester, duke of 1355-97, English nobleman; youngest son of Edward III . He was betrothed (1374) to Eleanor, heiress of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of Hereford, and became earl of Buckingham at the coronation of Richard II (1377). He was the king's lieutenant in France (1380),...
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Hafiz
Hafiz [Arab.,=one who has memorized the Qur'an], 1319-1389?, Persian lyric poet, b. Shiraz. His original name was Shams al-Din Muhammad. He acquired the surname from having memorized the Qur'an at an early age. A teacher of the Qur'an who associated with mystics, his lyrical poetry is acclaimed as ...
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Thomas Mowbray Norfolk, 1st duke of
Thomas Mowbray Norfolk, 1st duke of c.1366-1399, English nobleman. He was created earl of Nottingham in 1383, and in 1385 he was made earl marshal of England for life. He joined Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester , and the other baronial opponents of Richard II in 1387 and was one of the fi...
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