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John XXI
John XXI d. 1277, pope (1276-77), a Portuguese named Pedro Giuliano; successor of Adrian V. Known generally as Peter of Spain (Petrus Hispanus), he is the only Portuguese pope. Peter's reputation as a scholastic philosopher was widespread, and he was the reputed author of an extensively used book o...
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Gregory X
Gregory X d. 1276, pope (1271-76), an Italian named Tebaldo Visconti, b. Piacenza; successor of Clement IV. After Clement IV's death the cardinals took 34 months to elect a pope. Gregory was archdeacon of Liège when elected and neither a cardinal nor a priest. At the time he was in the Holy ...
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Majorca
Majorca , Span. Mallorca , island (1991 pop. 602,074), 1,405 sq mi (3,639 sq km), Spain, largest of the Balearic Islands, in the W Mediterranean. Palma is the chief city. Majorca is mountainous in the northwest, rising to 4,739 ft (1,444 m) in the Puig Major; the south and east form a gently rollin...
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Augsburg
Augsburg , city (1994 pop. 264,764), capital of Swabia, Bavaria, S central Germany, a major industrial center on the Lech River. The major industries include the manufacture of textiles, clothing, machinery, computers, electronic equipment, motor vehicles, and airplanes. The city is an important rai...
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Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands , Span. Baleares , archipelago, off Spain, in the W Mediterranean, forming Baleares prov. (1990 pop. 767,918) of Spain; also an autonomous region since 1983. Palma is the capital. The chief islands are Majorca, Minorca, and Ibiza. Noted for their scenery and their mild climate, the...
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Fès
Fès or Fez , Arab. Fas, city (1994 pop. 772,028), N central Morocco. In a rich agricultural region, it is connected by rail to Casablanca, Tangier, and Algeria. The city is noted for its Muslim art and its handicraft industries. It gave its name to the brimless felt caps that were forme...
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , d. 1282, Welsh prince, grandson of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth . He succeeded (1246) his uncle, David II, as ruler of North Wales and in 1247, with his brother Owen as coruler, did homage to Henry III of England, surrendering to him a large part of their territory. In 1256, having o...
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Ramón Lull
Ramón Lull , or Raymond Lully, c.1232-1316?, Catalan philosopher, b. Palma, Majorca. Of a wealthy family, he lived in ease until c.1263, when he had a religious experience and was fired with ambition to convert Muslims to Christianity. He studied Arabic language and literature and founded...
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Peter III
Peter III (Peter the Great), 1239?-1285, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1276-85) and king of Sicily (1282-85); son and successor of James I. In 1280 he established Aragonese influence on the northern shores of Africa. From his marriage (1262) to Constance, daughter and heir of Manfr...
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Sung
Sung , dynasty of China that ruled 960-1279. It was divided into two periods: Northern Sung (907-1126) with its capital at Kaifeng and Southern Sung (1127-1279) with its capital at Hangzhou. The first emperor, Chao K'uang-yin , consolidated several warring states and established a domain that inclu...
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