|
First Council of Lyons
First Council of Lyons , 1245, 13th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convened at Lyons, France, by Pope Innocent IV to deal with his struggle with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II . In spite of the defense of Frederick by his ambassador, he was declared deposed by the council. The ...
Read more
|
|
Gonzalo de Berceo
Gonzalo de Berceo , c.1198-1265?, earliest known Spanish medieval poet. He was a religious in a Benedictine monastery who wrote prolifically on saints and other figures important in the history of the church. His devotion to the Virgin is expressed in 25 poems entitled Milagros de Nuestra Señ...
Read more
|
|
Alexander of Hales
Alexander of Hales d. 1245, English scholastic philosopher, called the Unanswerable Doctor by his fellow scholastics. He was a Franciscan and a lecturer at the Univ. of Paris. His Summa universae theologiae was the first systematic exposition of Christian doctrine to introduce Aristotle as a prim...
Read more
|
|
Arnolfo di Cambio
Arnolfo di Cambio , b. c.1245, d. before 1310, Italian architect and sculptor. He was Nicola Pisano's chief assistant on the Siena pulpit, but he soon began to work independently on important tomb sculpture. He designed admirable monuments to Cardinal Annibaldi (St. John the Lateran, Rome); Pope Adr...
Read more
|
|
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Nevsky [Rus.,=of the Neva], 1220-1263, Russian hero, grand duke of Vladimir-Suzdal. As prince of Novgorod (1236-52) he earned his surname by his victory (1240) over the Swedes on the Neva River. He successfully defended N Russia against its western neighbors by defeating the Livonian Bro...
Read more
|
|
Haarlem
Haarlem , city (1994 pop. 150,213), capital of North Holland prov., W Netherlands, on the Spaarne River, near the North Sea. Although an industrial center with shipyards, machinery plants, and textile mills, Haarlem is chiefly noted as the center of a famous flower-growing district and the export po...
Read more
|
|
Innocent IV
Innocent IV d. 1254, pope (1243-54), a Genoese named Sinibaldo Fieschi, a distinguished jurist who studied and later taught law at the Univ. of Bologna; successor of Celestine IV. He was of a noble family. Although he had been regarded as sympathetic to the empire, once pope he quickly took up the ...
Read more
|
|
Saint Albertus Magnus
Saint Albertus Magnus , or Saint Albert the Great, b. 1193 or 1206, d. 1280, scholastic philosopher, Doctor of the Church, called the Universal Doctor. A nobleman of Bollstädt in Swabia, he joined (1223) the Dominicans and taught at Hildesheim, Freiburg, Regensburg, Strasbourg, and Cologne ...
Read more
|
|
Alfonso III
Alfonso III 1210-79, king of Portugal (1248-79), son of Alfonso II, brother and successor of Sancho II. By his marriage with Matilda, countess of Boulogne, he became count of Boulogne and thus was known as Alfonso o Bolonhez [Alfonso of Boulogne]. He seized power after the deposition (1245) of hi...
Read more
|
|
Notre-Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris [Fr.,=Our Lady of Paris], cathedral church of Paris, a noble achievement of early Gothic architecture in France. It stands upon the Île de la Cité, a small island in the Seine. The cornerstone was laid in 1163 by Pope Alexander III. The high altar was consecrated 20...
Read more
|