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Macedon
Macedon , ancient country, roughly equivalent to the modern region of Macedonia . In the history of Greek culture Macedon had its single significance in producing the conquerors and armies who created the Hellenistic empires and civilizations.
Macedon proper constituted the coast plain NW, N, ...
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Philippics
Philippics , series of four denunciations of Philip II of Macedon by Demosthenes . The scathing polemics of Cicero against Marc Antony are also called Philippics.
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Mysia
Mysia , ancient region, NW Asia Minor. It was N of Lydia and its coast faced Lesbos. Mysia was not a political unit, and it passed successively to Lydia, Persia, Macedon, Syria, Pergamum, and Rome.
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Philippi
Philippi , ancient city, E Macedonia. Inhabited by Thracians and then Thasians, it was renamed (probably 356 BC) by Philip II of Macedon, who developed and fortified it. Near the city was fought the decisive battle in which Octavian (Augustus) and Antony defeated (42 BC) Brutus and Cassius.
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Abdera
Abdera or Avdira , town, NE Greece, in Thrace, near the mouth of the Mesta River. It is a small agricultural settlement. Founded (c.650 BC) by colonists from Clazomenae, it was destroyed by the Thracians (c.550 BC) and rebuilt (c.500 BC) by refugees from Teos. The town passed to Macedon in 352 B...
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Árta
Árta , formerly Ambracia , city (1991 pop. 21,286), capital of Árta prefecture, W Greece, in Epirus, near the mouth of the Arachtus River. It is a trading and shipping center for agricultural goods including cotton, grain, citrus fruits, almonds, and olives. There is a large fishing...
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Isocrates
Isocrates , 436-338 BC, one of the Ten Attic Orators. He was a pupil of Socrates and of the Sophists. Perhaps the greatest teacher in Greek history, he taught every younger orator of his time. He did not deliver his speeches, but either wrote for litigants (six such speeches survive) or wrote discou...
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Achaean League
Achaean League , confederation of cities on the Gulf of Corinth. The First Achaean League, about which little is known, was formed presumably before the 5th cent. BC and lasted through the 4th cent. BC Its purpose was mutual protection against pirates. The Achaeans remained aloof from the wars in Gr...
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Philip II
Philip II
Philip II (382-336 B.C.) was a king of Macedon, a conqueror, and a leader of the Corinthian League. He suppressed his feudal barons, forged a professional army infused with a national spirit, and developed novel military tactics.
Philip II was born in Macedon to King Amyntas II of ...
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amphictyony
amphictyony , in ancient Greece, a league connected with maintaining a temple or shrine. There were a number of these, but by far the most important was the Great, or Delphic, Amphictyony (or simply the Amphictyonic League), a league originally of 12 tribes. It had meetings in the spring at the temp...
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