Plant Cell back issues from April 2004:
Plant Telomere Biology
Apr 01, 2004; McKnight, Thomas D; Shippen, Dorothy E ... Analysis of telomeres, the nucleoprotein complexes that physically cap and protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, has a long and intriguing history. The recent resurgence of plant telomere biology prompted us to recap this history to provide background and context for current investigations ...
Sequencing Maize: Just Sample the Salsa or Go for the Whole Enchilada?
Apr 01, 2004; Jorgensen, Richard A ... With the complete sequence of the rice nuclear genome nearing completion, plant biologists have begun to wonder, discuss, and debate what genome is our next, best target? Although it is easy to list many worthwhile candidates among the angiosperms, the clear favorite for the next complete genome ...
Tissue-Specific Gene Silencing Mediated by a Naturally Occurring Chalcone Synthase Gene Cluster in Glycine max(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Tuteja, Jigyasa H; Clough, Steven J; Chan, Wan-Ching; Vodkin, Lila O ... Chalcone synthase, a key regulatory enzyme in the flavonoid pathway, constitutes an eight-member gene family in Glycine max (soybean). Three of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family members are arranged as inverted repeats in a 10-kb region, corresponding to the l locus (inhibitor) ....
The Use of Entropy to Analyze Phyllotactic Mutants: A Theoretical Analysis
Apr 01, 2004; Barabe, Denis; Jeune, Bernard ... The mechanisms involved in phyllotactic regulation have been studied intensively from an experimental and theoretical point of view (Jean, 1994; Jean and Barabe, 1998; Reinhardt and Kuhlemeier, 2001; Reinhardt et al., 2003), so the discovery of genes that promote a change in phyllotactic ...
Patterning of Virus-Infected Glycine max Seed Coat Is Associated with Suppression of Endogenous Silencing of Chalcone Synthase Genes
Apr 01, 2004; Senda, Mineo; Masuta, Chikara; Ohnishi, Shizen; Goto, Kazunori; Et al ... Most commercial Glycine max (soybean) varieties have yellow seeds because of loss of pigmentation in the seed coat. It has been suggested that inhibition of seed coat pigmentation in yellow G. max may be controlled by homology-dependent silencing of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. Our analysis of ...
Electron Tomographic Analysis of Somatic Cell Plate Formation in Meristematic Cells of Arabidopsis Preserved by High-Pressure Freezing(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Segui-Simarro, Jose M; Austin, Jotham R II; White, Erin A; Staehelin, L Andrew ... We have investigated the process of somatic-type cytokinesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) meristem cells with a three-dimensional resolution of ~7 nm by electron tomography of high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted samples. Our data demonstrate that this process can be divided into ...
RPT2 Is a Signal Transducer Involved in Phototropic Response and Stomatal Opening by Association with Phototropin 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Apr 01, 2004; Inada, Sayaka; Ohgishi, Maki; Mayama, Tomoko; Okada, Kiyotaka; Sakai, Tatsuya ... Phototropin 1 (phot1) and phot2, which are blue light receptor kinases, function in blue light-induced hypocotyl phototropism, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous studies have shown that the proteins RPT2 (for ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2) and NPH3 ...
Purification and Characterization of Serine Proteases That Exhibit Caspase-Like Activity and Are Associated with Programmed Cell Death in Avena sativa
Apr 01, 2004; Coffeen, Warren C; Wolpert, Thomas J ... Victoria blight of Avena sativa (oat) is caused by the fungus Cochliobolus victoriae, which is pathogenic because of the production of the toxin victorin. The victorin-induced response in sensitive A. sativa has been characterized as a form of programmed cell death (PCD) and displays ...
Crystal Structures of a Poplar Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase Reveal Details of Transglycosylation Acceptor Binding
Apr 01, 2004; Johansson, Patrik; Brumer, Harry III; Baumann, Martin J; Kallas, Asa M; Et al ... Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) cleave and religate xyloglucan polymers in plant cell walls via a transglycosylation mechanism. Thus, XET is a key enzyme in all plant processes that require cell wall remodeling. To provide a basis for detailed structure-function studies, the crystal ...
Silencing of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase MPK6 Compromises Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis
Apr 01, 2004; Menke, Frank L H; van Pelt, Johan A; Pieterse, Corne M J; Klessig, Daniel F ... Here, we use a loss-of-function approach to demonstrate that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MPK6 plays a role in resistance to certain pathogens. MPK6-silenced Arabidopsis showed no apparent morphological phenotype or reduced fertility, indicating ...
Arabidopsis Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase2 Prevents Cellular Oxidative Damage in Long Nights(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Bechtold, Ulrike; Murphy, Denis J; Mullineaux, Philip M ... Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (PMSR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that repairs oxidatively damaged proteins. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a null mutation in PMSR2 (pmsr2-1), encoding a cytosolic isoform of the enzyme, exhibited reduced growth in short-day conditions. In wild-type ...
A Nonsymbiotic Root Hair Tip Growth Phenotype in NORK-Mutated Legumes: Implications for Nodulation Factor-Induced Signaling and Formation of a Multifaceted Root Hair Pocket for Bacteria
Apr 01, 2004; Esseling, John J; Lhuissier, Franck G P; Emons, Anne Mie C ... The Medicago truncatula Does not Make Infections (DMI2) mutant is mutated in the nodulation receptor-like kinase, NORK. Here, we report that NORK-mutated legumes of three species show an enhanced touch response to experimental handling, which results in a nonsymbiotic root hair phenotype. When ...
The Petunia Ortholog of Arabidopsis SUPERMAN Plays a Distinct Role in Floral Organ Morphogenesis
Apr 01, 2004; Nakagawa, Hitoshi; Ferrario, Silvia; Angenent, Gerco C; Kobayashi, Akira; Takatsuji, Hiroshi ... Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SUPERMAN (SUP) plays a role in establishing a boundary between whorls 3 and 4 of flowers and in ovule development. We characterized a Petunia hybrida (petunia) homolog of SUP, designated PhSUP1, to compare with SUP. Genomic DNA of the PhSUP1 partially restored ...
B1-Type Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Are Essential for the Formation of Stomatal Complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Apr 01, 2004; Boudolf, Veronique; Barroco, Rosa; de Almeida Engler, Janice; Verkest, Aurine; Et al ... Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell cycle. In yeasts, only one CDK is sufficient to drive cells through the cell cycle, whereas higher eukaryotes developed a family of related CDKs. Curiously, plants contain a unique class of CDKs (B-type CDKs), whose function is still ...
Circadian and Diurnal Calcium Oscillations Encode Photoperiodic Information in Arabidopsis
Apr 01, 2004; Love, John; Dodd, Antony N; Webb, Alex A R ... We have tested the hypothesis that circadian oscillations in the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ([Ca^sup 2+^]^sub cyt^) can encode information. We imaged oscillations of [Ca^sup 2+^]^sub cyt^ in the cotyledons and leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that have a 24-h period in ...
Formation of Monoterpenes in Antirrhinum majus and Clarkia breweri Flowers Involves Heterodimeric Geranyl Diphosphate Synthases
Apr 01, 2004; Tholl, Dorothea; Kish, Christine M; Orlova, Irina; Sherman, Debra; Et al ... The precursor of all monoterpenes is the C^sub 10^ acyclic intermediate geranyl diphosphate (GPP), which is formed from the C^sub 5^ compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate by GPP synthase (GPPS). We have discovered that Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) and Clarkia breweri, ...
Composition and Structure of the Centromeric Region of Rice Chromosome 8(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Wu, Jianzhong; Yamagata, Harumi; Hayashi-Tsugane, Mika; Hijishita, Saori; Et al ... Understanding the organization of eukaryotic centromeres has both fundamental and applied importance because of their roles in chromosome segregation, karyotypic stability, and artificial chromosome-based cloning and expression vectors. Using clone-by-clone sequencing methodology, we obtained ...
The Novel Gene HOMOLOGOUS PAIRING ABERRATION IN RICE MEIOSIS1 of Rice Encodes a Putative Coiled-Coil Protein Required for Homologous Chromosome Pairing in Meiosis
Apr 01, 2004; Nonomura, Ken-Ichi; Nakano, Mutsuko; Fukuda, Toshiyuki; Eiguchi, Mitsugu; Et al ... We have identified and characterized a novel gene, PAIR1 (HOMOLOGOUS PAIRING ABERRATION IN RICE MEIOSIS1), required for homologous chromosome pairing and cytokinesis in male and female meiocytes of rice (Oryza sativa). The pair1 mutation, tagged by the endogenous retrotransposon Tos17, exhibited ...
The Arabidopsis Chloroplastic NifU-Like Protein CnfU, Which Can Act as an Iron-Sulfur Cluster Scaffold Protein, Is Required for Biogenesis of Ferredoxin and Photosystem I(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Yabe, Toshiki; Morimoto, Koso; Kikuchi, Shingo; Nishio, Kazuaki; Et al ... The biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters is a highly regulated process involving several proteins. Among them, so-called scaffold proteins play pivotal roles in both the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters. Here, we report the identification of two chloroplast-localized NifU-like ...
Genetic Interaction of an Origin Recognition Complex Subunit and the Polycomb Group Gene MEDEA during Seed Development(w)
Apr 01, 2004; Collinge, Margaret A; Spillane, Charles; Kohler, Claudia; Gheyselinck, Jacqueline; Grossniklaus, Ueli ... The eukaryotic origin recognition complex (ORC) is made up of six subunits and functions in nuclear DNA replication, chromatin structure, and gene silencing in both fungi and metazoans. We demonstrate that disruption of a plant ORC subunit homolog, AtORC2 of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ...
Arabidopsis Histone Deacetylase HDA6 Is Required for Maintenance of Transcriptional Gene Silencing and Determines Nuclear Organization of rDNA Repeats
Apr 01, 2004; Probst, Aline V; Fagard, Mathilde; Proux, Florence; Mourrain, Philippe; Et al ... Histone acetylation and deacetylation are connected with transcriptional activation and silencing in many eukaryotic organisms. Gene families for enzymes that accomplish these modifications show a surprising multiplicity in sequence and expression levels, suggesting a high specificity for ...
A Haplotype-Specific Resistance Gene Regulated by BONZAI1 Mediates Temperature-Dependent Growth Control in Arabidopsis
Apr 01, 2004; Yang, Shuhua; Hua, Jian ... Plant growth homeostasis and defense responses are regulated by BONZAI1 (BON1), an evolutionarily conserved gene. Here, we show that growth regulation by BON1 is mediated through defense responses. BON1 is a negative regulator of a haplotype-specific Resistance (R) gene SNC1. The bon1-1 ...
Enod40, a Short Open Reading Frame-Containing mRNA, Induces Cytoplasmic Localization of a Nuclear RNA Binding Protein in Medicago truncatula
Apr 01, 2004; Campalans, Anna; Kondorosi, Adam; Crespi, Martin ... In eukaryotes, diverse mRNAs containing only short open reading frames (sORF-mRNAs) are induced at specific stages of development. Their mechanisms of action may involve the RNA itself and/or sORF-encoded oligopeptides. Enod40 genes code for highly structured plant sORF-mRNAs involved in root ...
